Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 Protein
产品特性
| Synonyms: | Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1; TGF-Beta-1; Latency-Associated Peptide; LAP; TGFB1; TGFB |
| Product Description: | Recombinant Human Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Ala279-Ser390 is expressed. |
| UniProt ID: | P01137 |
| Species: | Human |
| Expression System: | CHO Stable Cells |
| Tag: | Tag free |
| Predicted MW: | 12.8 KDa |
| SDS-PAGE: | 13 KDa, reducing conditions |
| Formulation: | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 50mM Glycine-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH 2.5. |
| Endotoxin Level: | Less than 0.001 ng/µg (0.01 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test. |
| Activity: | Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED50 for this effect is 4-40 pg/ml. |
| Purity: | >95% |
| Reconstitution: | Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. |
| It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. | |
| Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. | |
| Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles. | |
| Stability and Storage: | Lyophilized protein should be stored at < -20°C, though stable at room temperature for 3 weeks. |
| Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 4-7°C for 2-7 days. | |
| Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at < -20°C for 3 months. |
产品背景
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively.
Latency-associated peptide
Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix (PubMed:28117447).
Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-1 and regulates its activation via interaction with ‘milieu molecules’, such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS, that control activation of TGF-beta-1 (PubMed:2022183, PubMed:8617200, PubMed:8939931, PubMed:19750484, PubMed:22278742, PubMed:19651619).
Interaction with LRRC33/NRROS regulates activation of TGF-beta-1 in macrophages and microglia (Probable). Interaction with LRRC32/GARP controls activation of TGF-beta-1 on the surface of activated regulatory T-cells (Tregs) (PubMed:19750484, PubMed:22278742, PubMed:19651619).
Interaction with integrins (ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8) results in distortion of the Latency-associated peptide chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1 (PubMed:22278742, PubMed:28117447).
Transforming growth factor beta-1
Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration (By similarity).
Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains remain non-covalently linked rendering TGF-beta-1 inactive during storage in extracellular matrix (PubMed:29109152).
At the same time, LAP chain interacts with ‘milieu molecules’, such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS that control activation of TGF-beta-1 and maintain it in a latent state during storage in extracellular milieus (PubMed:2022183, PubMed:8617200, PubMed:8939931, PubMed:19750484, PubMed:22278742, PubMed:19651619).
TGF-beta-1 is released from LAP by integrins (ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8): integrin-binding to LAP stabilizes an alternative conformation of the LAP bowtie tail and results in distortion of the LAP chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1 (PubMed:22278742, PubMed:28117447).
Once activated following release of LAP, TGF-beta-1 acts by binding to TGF-beta receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), which transduce signal (PubMed:20207738).
While expressed by many cells types, TGF-beta-1 only has a very localized range of action within cell environment thanks to fine regulation of its activation by Latency-associated peptide chain (LAP) and ‘milieu molecules’ (By similarity).
Plays an important role in bone remodeling: acts as a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts (By similarity).
Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner (By similarity).
At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development (By similarity).
At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells (By similarity).
Stimulates sustained production of collagen through the activation of CREB3L1 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) (PubMed:25310401).
Mediates SMAD2/3 activation by inducing its phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:25893292, PubMed:29483653, PubMed:30696809).
Can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration in various cell types (PubMed:25893292, PubMed:30696809).
产品来源
洱畔科技实验室
